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Parents' Common Sense Encyclopedia

Copyright© 1996-2001 Jeffrey W. Hull, M.D., F.A.A.P.

Welcome to the Common Sense Encyclopedia section of my website. The purpose of this project is to give short, easily understood answers to common questions that come up in my everyday pediatric practice - in the office, or on the phone with parents. The definitions and answers are not meant to be definitive, textbook style discussions - it's "news you can use." The style reflects the way I talk to my patients - I try to keep explanations simple, direct and useful. Many of the terms are things you might hear in passing in the hospital or at the doctor's office and just wonder what they mean, or even be a little embarrassed to ask about. I've included a few of my favorite home remedies, too.

But please remember that nothing can replace a good relationship with your personal physician, who really should be willing to answer any question you have in a way that you can understand. Don't try to diagnose your child out of a book or off a web page, and if your child is acutely ill, call your doctor, don't fiddle around on the Internet! Remember the old doctor's proverb: "A patient who treats himself has a fool for a physician."

This is obviously a work in progress, growing over time. Please feel free to send questions, suggestions, or bug reports you have to me and I'll try to include the answers here. Perhaps you would like to learn about new developments relating to pediatric medicine - you should join the mailing list (view the archive) and receive News and Views from current pediatric literature I think you might find interesting or might want to discuss with your doctor.

Many thanks to the folks at Bare Bones Software, without whose most excellent product BBEdit such a project would be simply impossible. And many thanks as well to Philip Greenspun and Jakob Nielsen, for turning me on to style sheets and helping to improve the useablity factor of the site.Encylopedia Stats

Terms of use: This information is advisory only and is not intended to replace sound clinical judgement or individualized patient care by a licensed physician. The author disclaims all warranties, whether expressed or implied, including any warranty as to the quality, accuracy, safety, or suitability of this information for any particular purpose. Any use of the information contained on any page of this site is evidence of agreement with these terms of use.

Further programming information about this site.

ABO incompatibility
abrasion, corneal
abscess
abscess, perianal
acne, baby
acrocyanosis
adenoids
ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
ADHD, mimics of
adrenogenital syndrome
air swallowing
alcohol
Alice-in-Wonderland syndrome
allergen
allergies
allergies, food
alopecia
amblyopia
amniocentesis
anemia
anemia, hemolytic
angioedema
antibiotic
antibody
antibody, monoclonal
antigen
antitoxin
anxiety, doctor
aortic stenosis
Apgar score
aplastic anemia
apnea
apnea, sleep
appendicitis
appetite
aphthous stomatitis
arachnodactyly, Marfan syndrome
arrhythmia
arthritis, septic
Asperger syndrome
aspirin
asthma
asymmetric crying facies
asymptomatic
atelectasis
atopic dermatitis
atrial fibrillation
atrial septal defect
atrium
atrophy
autism

Babinski_reflex
babesiosis
bacteria
bad breath
Baker cyst
balanitis
Ballard scale
band cells, bands
Barlow test
BCG, tuberculosis vaccination
bedwetting
beestings
Bell's palsy
bezoar
bile
bilirubin
biopsy
bipolar disorder
biting
blood cells
blood, in stool, test for
blood tests
blood types
body mass index (BMI)
bonding
bone age
bone marrow transplantation, stem cell transplantation
bone scan
books
bottle feeding
botulism, infant
bradycardia
breastfeeding
breast budding, early
breast enlargement, in newborns
breast milk jaundice
breast milk, unique constituents
breath holding
breathing, periodic, in newborns
bronchiolitis
bronchitis
bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD
bruxism, tooth grinding

cafe-au-lait spots
calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe
calcium
callus
Campylobacter
candidiasis, oral
canker sores (aphthous stomatitis)
caput succedaneum
caries, dental (tooth decay)
car seat essentials
cat scratch disease
cataplexy
CBC, complete blood count
cellulitis
cellulitis, orbital and periorbital
cephalohematoma
cerebral palsy
cerebral palsy
cerumen
chalazion
cheilitis
chickenpox
chickenpox vaccine
chiggers
chilblains
childhood disintegrative disorder, CDD
chlamydia
cholesteotoma
chordee
circumcision
clavicle, fractured
coarctation of aorta
colds
cold sores
colic
color blindness
colostrum
compliance
concussion
confusional arousals
congenital
conjunctivitis
constipation, infant
corneal abrasion
costochondritis
coxsackievirus
co-sleeping
cradle cap
craniosynostosis
"creeping eruption"
Cri du chat syndrome
Crohn disease
croup
crying, trained night
crying, colicy
cryptorchidism (see testicle, undescended)
cryptosporidium
CT scan, CAT scan
culture
cutaneous larva migrans
cyanosis

dacryocystitis
dacryostenosis
decelerations
dehydration
dermoid cyst
diaper rash
diabetes insipidus
diarrhea
diarrhea, toddler
diarrhea, travelers
differential diagnosis
difficult child
diphtheria
directions on the body (medicalese decoder)
doctor, choosing a
doctor, talking with your
Down syndrome
drug resistance
Dubowitz exam
dyschezia, straining with stools
dyshidrosis

earache
eardrum, ruptured
ears, misshapen
ear wax
ecchymosis
E. coli
E. coli O157:H7
ectodermal dysplasia, hypohidrotic
eczema
eczema, dyshidrotic
EEG
electrolytes
encephalitis
encephalopathy
encopresis
endocarditis
enuresis
enzyme
epididymitis
epiglottitis
epilepsy
episcleritis
epispadias
epitrochlear node
equipment
Erb's palsy
erythema multiforme
erythema nodosum
erythema toxicum
eustachian tube
exanthem
exanthem, unilateral laterothoracic
exanthem, viral
exchange transfusion
eye, crossed
eye, excessive blinking
eyes, newborn
eye, white

failure to thrive
fainting
family bed
febrile seizure
fecal-oral route of infection
feeding position
feet, excessive sweating
feet, flat
feet, point out
feet, turning in
femoral torsion, femoral anteversion
felon
fencing reflex
fetal alcohol syndrome
fever
fever blister
fever of unknown origin, FUO
fifth disease
fire ants
fissure ,anal
fistula
fistula, tracheoesophageal
flea bites
flu shots
fluids, daily requirement
fluoride
folate
fomite
fontanelle
food poisoning
food, spicy, and breastfeeding
foreign body, nasal
formula
formula, hypoallergenic
formula intolerance
fragile X syndrome
fresh air
functional heart murmur

galactosemia
gallop, gallop rythmn
ganglion
gas
gastrocolic reflex
gastroenteritis
gastroesophageal reflux
gastroesophageal sphincter
genetic resources
genetic terms
geographic tongue
gestational age
giardia
Gianotti-Crosti syndrome
gland
Gram stain
granuloma annulare
grasp reflex
growing pains
growth
growth chart
growth plate
grunting
guaiac test

habit piddling
halitosis
hand-foot-mouth disease
handedness
handwashing
harlequin
head banging
head, flat (plagiocephaly)
health foods
heart, terminology
heat rash
hemangioma
hemangioma, cavernous
hemangioma, strawberry
hematocrit
hematoma, subungual
hemihypertrophy
hemoglobin
hemolytic anemia
hemolytic-uremic syndrome
hemorrhage, retinal
hemorrhoid
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (anaphylactoid purpura)
hepatitis
hernia, diaphragmatic
hernia, hiatal
hernia, inguinal
hernia, umbilical
herpangina
herpes genitalis
herpes gladiatorum
heterochromia
hiccups
hip click, in newborn
developmental dysplasia of the hip, congenital dislocation of hip
Hirschsprung disease
hitting
hives
HLA typing
hoarseness
honey
hordeolum
hormone
hot tub folliculitis
hot tubs
H. pylori
humidifiers, vaporizers
hyaline membrane disease
hydrocephalus
hydrocoele
hyperactivity, diet and
hypertrophy
hyperventilation
hyphema
hypocalcemia
hypoglycemia
hypospadias

id reaction
immunity, types of
impetigo
incubation period
index case
infant of diabetic mother, IDM
inflammatory bowel disease
influenza
insect repellants
intertrigo
intoeing
intrauterine growth restriction, IUGR
intussusception
iron
iron deficiency
isolation periods from daycare/school

jaundice
jaundice, breast milk
jellyfish
juice

karotenemia
Kawasaki disease
keratosis pilaris
kerion
kernicterus
ketotic hypoglycemia
Klippel-Feil syndrome
knock knee

lactose intolerance
language milestones
lanugo
large for gestational age, LGA
larva migrans, cutaneous
larva migrans, visceral
laryngomalacia, tracheomalacia
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
leptomeningeal cyst
lethargic
leukemia
lice, head
lice, library
liver
lumbar puncture
lymph nodes
lymphadenitis
lymphocytes, atypical

macrosomia
Marfan syndrome, arachnodactyly
mastoiditis
measles
measurement of medicines
meatal stenosis
Meckel diverticulum
meconium
meconium aspiration syndrome
medication directions
megavitamins
meningitis
milestones, language
milia
miliaria
milk intolerance
milk baby
milk, breast
milk, cow
milk, refusal to drink
mineral
molluscum contagiosum
mongolian spot
mononucleosis
Moro reflex
mosquito bites
motion sickness
mouth, injuries to
MRI scan
mulberry birthmark
mumps
Munchausen Syndrome
murmur, heart
mutation
myalgia
mycoplasma
myocarditis
myositis
myths

nail biting
narcolepsy
nares
necrotizing fasciitis
neonate
nephrotic syndrome
nevus
nevus, congenital melanocytic
nevus sebaceous
newborns, miscellaneous tips
nightlights
night terrors
nipple confusion
nipples, extra
nosebleeds
nuchal cord
nursemaid's elbow
nutritional requirements for infants and toddlers
nystagmus

object permanence
olive
orthopedic terms
orthostatic hypotension
Ortolani test
Osgood-Schlatter disease
osteochondritis dissecans
osteomyelitis
otitis media
overdose_acetaminophen

pacifier
papular acrodermatitis of childhood
papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome
papular urticaria
parachute reflex
paraphimosis
parasomnias
paronychia
parotitis
parvovirus B19
patent ductus arteriosus, PDA
pectus deformity
penis, care of
penis talk, for toddlers
percentile
pericarditis
peritonitis
persistent fetal circulation, persistent pulmonary hypertension
pertussis
pervasive developmental disorder, PDD
pestering
petechiae
pharyngoconjunctival fever
phimosis
photophobia
phototherapy
pica
pigeon toes
pills, learning to swallow
pilomatricoma, pilomatrixoma
"pink eye," epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
pinworms
pityriasis rosea
PKU
placebo
plagiocephaly
pneumonia
pneumothorax
pneumothorax, spontaneous
poison centers
poison ivy
polycystic ovary syndrome
polycythemia
port wine stain
posthitis
posttraumatic stress disorder
priapism
prickly heat
prodrome
pseudotumor cerebri
psoriasis
ptosis
pulmonary branch stenosis, peripheral pulmonic stenosis
pulmonic stenosis
pus
pyloric stenosis
pyoderma gangrenosum
pyogenic granuloma

rabies
radiation
rales
rash, diaper
rash, viral
RDS
rectal prolapse
reflux esophagitis
reflexes, primitive
remodelling, of bones
reptiles, as pets
resistance, drug
retractions
Rett syndrome
rewards (vs. bribes)
Reye syndrome
RhoGam
Rh factor
Rh factor incompatibility
rhonchi
ringworm
rocky mountain spotted fever
rooting reflex
roseola
rotavirus
RSV, respiratory syncitial virus
rubella

Salmonella
scabies
scaly scalp
scarletina
schizophrenia
screening test
sedimentation rate
seizure
seizure, febrile
separation anxiety
sepsis
serous otitis media
serum, serology, serological tests
serum sickness
shingles
SGA, small for gestational age
shaken baby syndrome
Shigella
shoes
shoes, orthopedic
sickle cell anemia, sickle cell disease
SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome
sign
silking
simethicone
sinusitis
sleep apnea
sleep fighting
sleepiness, excessive
sleeping position
sleep requirements, average
sleep terrors
smoking
snoring
soft spot
solid foods, introduction of
spasmus nutans
specimen, stool, how to obtain
specimen, urine, how to obtain
speech, late
spherocytosis
spina bifida
spina bifida occulta
spinal meningitis
spinal tap
spleen
splinters
sports supplements
sprain care
stitches
Stein-Leventhal syndrome
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
stomatitis
stool, green
stool, infant
stork bite
stranger anxiety
strep infections
stridor
stuttering
sty, stye
subconjunctival hemorrhage
subluxation of the radial head (nursemaid's elbow)
subungual hematoma
sunglasses
sunscreen
surfactant
Sutton's Law
sutures, of skull
swaddling
swimmers ear
swimmers itch
steroids, topical
syncope
symptom
syndrome
synovitis, toxic

tantrums
tattoos, care of new
tear duct, blocked
tear sac, infection of
teeth, care of
teeth, eruption of
teeth, injuries to
teething
temperament
temperature
testicle, painful
testicle, absent
testicle, undescended
tetralogy of Fallot
thalassemia
therapeutic challenge
thrill
thrush
thumb sucking
tibial torsion
tick paralysis
ticks
tick-borne diseases
tics
tinea capitis
tinea corporis
tinea versicolor
toddler
toes
toe-walking
toilet training
tongue, black hairy
tongue-tie
tonic neck reflex
tonsils
tooth grinding
torsion of the testis, testicular torsion
torticollis
Tourette syndrome
toxic shock syndrome
toxin
toxocariasis, visceral larva migrans
tracheomalacia, laryngomalacia
trained night crying
trampolines
transfusion, exchange
transient tachypnea, TTN, RDS type II
transition object
transitional stools
tuberculosis
tuberculosis vaccination, BCG
tubes
tympanocentesis

ulcerative colitis
umbilical artery, single
umbilical cord, care of
umbilical granuloma
umbilical hernia
urination, frequent
urticaria
upper respiratory infection, URI
uvula

VICP, National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program
vaginal synechiae
vaginitis
valsalva manuever
vaporizers
varicocele
vasculitis
vector
venous hum
ventricle
ventricular septal defect, VSD
vesicle
vinegar
virus
vision
vitamin
vomiting

Waardenburg syndrome
walkers, baby
warts
weaning
herpetic whitlow
wheezing
witches' milk
wound care
"wry neck"

xiphoid
X-linked inheritance

zebra
zinc
zoster

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